You can retrieve content by their document library path using the CMS API using the Node API. For example, you can paginate through the children of a node using this call:
http://api.cloudcms.com/docs#!/node/get_repositories_repositoryId_branches_branchId_nodes_nodeId_children
GET /repositories/{repositoryId}/branches/{branchId}/nodes/{nodeId}/children?path={path}
In this case, you would set "nodeId" to the value "root" to indicate the root node. And then use "path" to describe the offset.
If you wanted the children at "/a/b/c", you would do:
GET /repositories/{repositoryId}/branches/{branchId}/nodes/root/children?path=/a/b/c
Similarly, you can list and query the "relatives" of a node. This is a bit more advanced as it lets you find associated nodes that aren't necessarily children but may be related by any association type:
http://api.cloudcms.com/docs#!/node/post_repositories_repositoryId_branches_branchId_nodes_nodeId_relatives_query
POST /repositories/{repositoryId}/branches/{branchId}/nodes/{nodeId}/relatives/query?direction={direction}&type={type}&path={path}
Suppose you wanted to find all children of a node at path "/a/b/c" where the property "category" = "blue", you could do:
POST /repositories/{repositoryId}/branches/{branchId}/nodes/root/relatives/query?&direction=OUTGOING&type=a:child&path=/a/b/c
{ "category": "blue" }
In this way, you can also find relatives who are INCOMING (such as parents) or use your own association types to find relatives that are one hop away.
There is also a Tree API which provides much of this functionality and may be useful given some of the other things it exposes (specification of depth, child expansion, etc).
The documentation is here:
https://www.cloudcms.com/documentation/api/content-services/tree